UROLOGY

Urology is the medical science that studies the female and male urinary tracts and male reproductive organs. The diagnosis and treatment of all diseases related to organs such as the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, testicles, penis, scrotum and prostate gland fall under the specialty of urology clinics. Urology specialists serving in these units are physicians who have completed a five-year urology residency after six years of medical education. Urologists may also perform surgical interventions for diagnosis and treatment when necessary.

The diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to the male reproductive system and disorders due to anatomical or physiological causes are performed by our specialist physicians and experienced health personnel in our urology department.

The treatment of diseases diagnosed with the latest technological methods in our hospitals is also carried out by methods such as medical methods, endoscopic applications, open or laparoscopic surgical operations and robotic surgery. Kidney stone treatment with a camera system (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery, or RIRIC), closed kidney stone surgery (PNL System) and ESWL application (Lithotripsy) are among the applications performed in our urology clinics. Renal cancers, adrenal gland diseases, ureteral diseases, bladder, prostate and testicular diseases are treated by our specialist physicians.

Our diagnostic methods used before the treatment plan is determined in our urology clinics are as follows:

Computed Tomography (CT)
Computed tomography is the process of creating three-dimensional images of bones, as well as soft tissues and vessels, by combining X-ray images taken from multiple angles. While the patient is lying on a table, the tomography device continuously rotates around him and detects images. In order for the three-dimensional image to be obtained more clearly, the patient who will undergo computer tomography should not have any material on him other than his gown. The materials on the patient will affect the rays and cause the image to deteriorate. Again, in order for the image to be clear, the patient should remain still during the procedure. Because computed tomography emits a high rate of radiation, pregnant women or those with a suspected pregnancy are not taken for computed tomography. Imaging of stones in the kidney, ureter and bladder, imaging of tumors related to the urinary system and male reproductive organs and traumas related to these organs are the most common uses of computed tomography.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)
The process of imaging organs or tissues in the body using radio waves and a magnetic field is called MRI. The MR technique can be used safely in many patients because radio waves are used instead of radiation beams. Even during pregnancy, MRI can be performed if deemed appropriate by the physician. MR imaging can be used to detect many diseases that fall under the specialty of urology clinics. It can be preferred in the diagnosis and follow-up of all cancers related to the urinary system and male reproductive organs, especially prostate cancer and benign prostate enlargement. A healthy image cannot be obtained as metal items on the patient will affect the magnetic field during the application. For this reason, the patient should only wear a gown or should prefer underwear that has no metal material on it.
Ultrasound (Urinary USG, Doppler USG, Transrectal USG)
Ultrasound is an imaging technique used to examine and view organs inside the body, especially in the abdominal cavity. The ultrasound technique is used in the diagnosis of various diseases, in the treatment of these diseases and in biopsy procedures. Ultrasound has not been found to be harmful to the body and is commonly used to monitor baby development during pregnancy. In addition, it is also used for the examination of soft tissues and the detection of cardiovascular diseases. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) for the detection of diseases such as prostate cancer and benign prostate enlargement, urinary ultrasound for the investigation of all kinds of diseases related to the urinary system and doppler ultrasound methods, which allow the examination of vessels in tumors and similar structures detected in these regions, are frequently used.
Urodynamics Test
The urodynamic test, which is used to measure bladder functions, is performed by recording with a computer the events that occur during evacuation in the bladder, which is filled with liquid with the help of a catheter. The recorded data are examined by specialist physicians and interpreted in terms of the detection of bladder diseases. Computerized events can also inform a specialist about a urinary tract infection. Urodynamics can be applied to diagnose the complications that may occur after treatment for urinary incontinence diseases and prostate diseases. The urodynamic test is also frequently used in patients with problems such as frequent urination, urinary incontinence and difficulty urinating.

Voiding Cystourethrography (VSUG)
The medical technique that allows visualization of the bladder and urinary ducts during evacuation by injecting contrast material into the bladder through a catheter is called the voiding cystourethrography method. It is generally used in cases where urine escapes backward from the urinary canals. If urine escapes from the ducts and is not treated on time, it may start to affect the kidneys and pave the way for the formation of serious diseases. This condition, medically known as vesicoureteral reflux, also causes enlargement of the kidneys. While applying the VSUG method for the diagnosis of the disease, metal materials should not be present on the patient as it will affect the X-rays sent to the bladder. For this reason, it should be ensured that there are no metal parts in the patient’s clothes before the procedure.
Laboratory Examinations
In urology clinics, blood and urine tests are also widely used for the diagnosis of diseases. Changes in blood and urine inform the specialist about the patient’s condition and shed light on the determination of the treatment process. Sperm analysis, the search for tumor markers, bacteria and virus scans and the investigation of various proteins and enzymes are just a few of the laboratory tests frequently used in urology clinics. Apart from these, samples taken from different parts of the body can be sent to the relevant laboratories for examination in order to evaluate any other parameters that may be affected by urological diseases.
PSA Test
PSA, or prostate-specific antigen, is produced in the prostate and regulates the fluidity of semen in men. PSA circulates in the blood, albeit in small amounts. In cases of abnormal functioning of the prostate, the amount of PSA passed into the blood is affected. In the presence of any disease related to the prostate gland, an increase in the level of PSA in the blood is usually observed. The PSA test is the examination of the blood sample to be taken from the patient in a laboratory environment. Since the patient’s being full or hungry will not affect the PSA ratio in the blood, a blood test can be performed in both cases. The PSA test is used in the process of investigating all kinds of diseases related to the prostate.
Prostate Biopsy
The process of extracting a piece of the prostate using specialized medical equipment is known as prostate biopsy. Although PSA test tumor markers provide information about prostate diseases, the most definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer can be made by evaluating the biopsy results. After the piece taken from the prostate interacts with various chemicals, it is examined and evaluated under the microscope. According to the results obtained, the pathologist makes the diagnosis. A prostate biopsy should be performed without delay in all patients with symptoms of prostate cancer because the diagnosis must be made at an early stage, which plays an important role in the patient’s treatment.
If you suffer from any disease that falls under the specialty of urology clinics, have symptoms related to these diseases, or want to undergo a routine urology examination, you can apply to our urology department. With detailed examinations and diagnostic tests to be performed by specialist physicians, you can diagnose possible diseases and prevent more serious problems that may occur in the future by starting your treatment process as soon as possible.